介词后必须要跟宾语,能作介词宾语的最常见的是名词,更准确的说是所有名词性成分(包括名词,名词词组,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,名词性从句)。
1.名词和名词词组
It was towards sunset on a cool autumn day.
那是秋日一个微凉的黄昏。(介词towards加名词)
They trudged westward, day and night, over dusty roads and roaring rivers, under hot suns and cold rains, through green valleys and windy wastelands.
他们向着西方,艰苦跋涉,日夜兼程,走过尘土飞扬的道路,渡过咆哮的河流,经受着烈日的暴晒和冷雨的浇淋,穿过青翠的山谷和朔风怒号的荒原。(介词over, under,through加名词词组。)
2.代词和数词
代词(pronoun),全称代名词,就是名词性的。而数词用来对名词进行计数,相当于名词词组的省略形式。
She is very interested in it.
她对此很感兴趣。(in加代词)
In nine out of ten he won't come.
十之八九他不会来。(in和out of加数词)
The students walked home in twos and threes after school.
放学后学生三三俩俩的回家。(in加数词,并且注意two和three变了复数!)
3.动名词和不定式
非谓语动词中的doing(动名词),就相当于名词。而不定式to do, 词性不定,也可以当做名词来用。知识链接:英语其实就这4个词:驾驭篇4(非谓语动词)
Instead of working hard at her lessons, Mary spends her time building a castle in the air.
玛丽不用功读书,却花时间去幻想.
I went to borrow a book instead of to buy one.
我去借了一本书,而不是买了一本书。
She could do no otherwise than (to) wait.
除了等待,她什么也做不了。(注意不定式中to的省略)
注意:but, besides, except, than后常用不定式作宾语,并且不定式中的to通常省略。
4.名词性从句
名词性从句,当然是名词性的,以及名词性从句的简化形式(疑问词+to do),都可作介词的宾语。知识链接:名词性从句的本质:三种句子充当四种成分
She does know when the film will start.
她不不知道电影将于何时开始。(when the film will start是完整的名词性从句)
I have informed her of when to start.
我已经通知了她开始的时间。(when to start是when the film will start的省略形式)
5.形容词和副词
除了以上常见的名词性成分,介词也可以加形容词和副词作宾语。一个介词后,甚至能加另一个介词短语(因为某些介词短语也是副词性的)知识链接:英语其实就这4个词:驾驭篇3(介词短语)
You plan is far from perfect.
你的计划一点儿也不完美。(介词from加形容词)
I can't see the tower clearly from here.
从这里我不能清楚地看到那座塔。(介词from加副词)
He suddenly appeared from behind the door.
他从门后突然出现。(from后跟的behind the door是一个介词短语)
注意:能加形容词的介词和介词能加的形容词都比较少,我们放到下文中详细讲解。
发布于:山东